To visit Azerbaijan, you will generally need to obtain one of the following types of visas, depending on your nationality and the purpose of your trip:

E-Visa (ASAN Visa):
Citizens from over 90 countries, including the United States, Canada, European Union countries, and many others, are eligible for an e-Visa. This is a single-entry visa valid for up to 30 days.

The e-Visa application is done online through the ASAN Visa portal, which typically processes applications within three business days.

You can apply for an e-Visa here: ASAN Visa Portal.

Visa on Arrival:
A limited number of countries, such as Turkey and Israel, can obtain a visa on arrival at Azerbaijan’s airports, valid for short stays. However, this option is not available to most countries, so you should confirm eligibility before traveling.

Traditional Visa (via Embassy/Consulate):
Nationals from countries not eligible for the e-Visa or visa on arrival will need to apply for a visa at an Azerbaijani embassy or consulate. This process usually involves submitting a visa application form, passport, photos, and other documentation like a letter of invitation if required.

Long-Term Visas:
For those planning to stay in Azerbaijan for more than 30 days, or for specific purposes such as work, study, or business, a long-term visa is required. This visa can be applied for through an embassy or consulate, and additional documents, such as employment contracts or invitations from educational institutions, may be necessary.

Registration Requirement:
Visitors staying in Azerbaijan for more than 10 days must register with the State Migration Service, which can often be handled by your hotel or accommodation.

Important Considerations:
Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond the date of your intended departure.

Always verify the most up-to-date visa requirements before your trip, as regulations can change.

For more detailed and updated visa information, check the Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs website here or consult the ASAN Visa Portal.

In 2023, Azerbaijani authorities uncovered a plot to attack the Israeli embassy in Baku, believed to be orchestrated by Iranian operatives.

This foiled attack raised serious concerns about Azerbaijan's vulnerability to external terrorist threats, particularly from Iran, due to the geopolitical tensions between the two countries. Azerbaijan’s growing cooperation with Israel, especially in military and intelligence sharing, has made it a potential target for groups opposed to these ties.

Additionally, Azerbaijan has experienced spillover threats from conflicts in the South Caucasus and broader Middle East, although domestic extremist groups have not posed a significant threat in recent years.

Azerbaijan’s government has bolstered its counter-terrorism efforts, increasing border security and enhancing international cooperation with key allies like Israel, Turkey, and the United States. This has helped Azerbaijan prevent large-scale terrorist incidents, but the country remains at risk due to its strategic location and complex geopolitical relationships, especially with neighboring Iran.

Increased vigilance and close cooperation with international intelligence agencies play a crucial role in maintaining Azerbaijan’s security amid ongoing regional instability.

Before visiting Azerbaijan, it's essential to ensure you're up to date on several vaccinations and immunizations to protect against potential health risks. Here are the recommended vaccines:

Routine Vaccinations: Make sure you're up to date on standard vaccines, including:
- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
- Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP)
- Polio
- Influenza

Hepatitis A: This is recommended for all travelers, as you can contract Hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Azerbaijan.

Hepatitis B: If you plan to have close contact with local residents or engage in activities that may expose you to bodily fluids, such as healthcare work, this vaccine is recommended.

Typhoid: Particularly advised if you're traveling to rural areas or eating outside of major tourist hubs where food hygiene may be less regulated.

Rabies: While not common in urban centers of Azerbaijan, rabies vaccination is recommended if you plan to engage in outdoor activities, such as hiking or camping, or if you expect to be in close contact with animals.

It's always advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or travel clinic at least 4–6 weeks before your trip to Turkmenistan, to ensure you're fully protected based on your specific health history and travel itinerary.

Public Transportation in Azerbaijan

Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, has a modern and efficient public transportation system, while rural areas rely on less developed options.

In smaller towns and rural areas, public transportation is minimal, and locals often rely on shared taxis or private cars for transportation. Long-distance travel between cities is usually done by bus or train, though services may not be frequent and standards can vary.

Baku Metro: The Baku Metro is a convenient and affordable way to travel within the city. It has multiple lines connecting various parts of the city and operates daily from 6 a.m. to midnight. The metro is clean, reliable, and relatively easy to navigate, with signs in both Azerbaijani and English.

Buses: Buses and minibuses (marshrutkas) are widely used throughout the country, especially in Baku and surrounding regions. Baku’s bus system is well-organized, with both public buses and private operators. In rural areas, however, bus services can be less frequent and less reliable. Minibuses are a common form of transportation between smaller towns and cities but are often crowded.

Taxis: Taxis are available throughout the country, particularly in Baku, where ride-hailing services like Bolt are also popular. Taxi fares should be negotiated in advance if there is no meter.

Intercity Travel: For long-distance travel, trains and buses connect major cities like Baku, Ganja, and Sumqayit. Trains are a slower but scenic option, while intercity buses and shared taxis (marshrutkas) provide faster connections.

Driving in Azerbaijan with a Foreign License:
You can drive in Azerbaijan with a valid foreign driver’s license or an International Driving Permit (IDP) for up to one year. After that, you’ll need to obtain a local Azerbaijani driving license. Some key points about driving in Azerbaijan:

Road Conditions: Roads in Baku and on main highways are generally well-maintained, but rural roads can be in poor condition, with potholes and uneven surfaces.

Traffic Rules: Traffic can be chaotic, especially in urban areas, and driving habits may be more aggressive than what tourists are used to. Speed limits and traffic laws are enforced, but adherence can vary.

Road Safety: Be cautious while driving at night, particularly on rural roads where lighting may be poor. Pedestrians and animals crossing the road can also pose hazards, especially in less urbanized areas.

Renting a Car: Car rentals are available in major cities and at Heydar Aliyev International Airport in Baku. It’s advisable to rent from well-known companies, and ensure that your rental includes insurance coverage.

Conclusion
Public transportation in Baku is reliable, with metro, buses, and taxis available, while rural areas rely more on minibuses and less frequent bus services. Driving is an option with a valid foreign license, but travelers should exercise caution, especially outside urban centers.