Colombia Travel Advice
Colombia, located in the northwest corner of South America, is known for its diverse geography, rich cultural heritage, and significant economic potential.
It is bordered by Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama, with coastlines along both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The country’s capital is Bogotá, a vibrant city renowned for its cultural institutions, historical sites, and dynamic urban atmosphere. Medellín and Cartagena are other notable cities, famous for innovation and colonial charm, respectively.
In recent decades, the country has worked to overcome challenges related to drug cartels and guerrilla conflicts. The peace agreement signed with the FARC in 2016 was a major milestone, though some violence persists from smaller groups. Politically, Colombia is a stable democracy with a presidential system, and it is recognized as a regional ally to countries like the United States.
Visiting Colombia FAQsHire a bodyguard in Colombia
If you are interested in hiring a bodyguard for your travel to Colombia, please see our page for Bodyguard Services in Latin America.
Key Information for Colombia
Emergency Services
Emergencies: 123
Tourist Poice: 1337 4413
Metropolitan Poice: 112
GAULA (Kidnapping and Extortion Squad): 165
Traffic Poice: 127 or 3600 111
Fire emergency: 119 or 2175 300/2355 166
Medical emergency: 125
Medical emergency: 132 (Red Cross, 24 hour ambulance)
Country Overview
Capital City: Bogotá
Official State Language(s): Spanish
Official State Religion(s): Christianity (Roman Catholicism)
State Currency: Peso (COL$)
Current Capital Time:
How safe is Colombia?
Colombia's current security status is marked by ongoing challenges related to organized crime, insurgency groups, and localized violence, although it has made significant progress in recent years.
The country continues to face issues from drug cartels and illegal armed groups, particularly in rural and border areas. Despite the 2016 peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), smaller splinter groups and the National Liberation Army (ELN) remain active, primarily involved in drug trafficking and violent confrontations with security forces.
Urban centers like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali generally have lower violence levels but still experience crime related to drug trafficking, theft, and gang activity. The Colombian government maintains a substantial military and police presence to address these issues and works closely with international partners to improve security and counter narcotics operations.
Travel advisories for Colombia typically encourage caution, particularly in remote regions and areas known for illegal activities. Overall, while Colombia has made significant strides in improving security, risks persist, especially in rural areas with limited state presence.
Natural Disasters and Related Concerns
Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity: Colombia's position on the Pacific Ring of Fire makes it vulnerable to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, which can lead to immediate infastructure, communications and logostical issues.
Floods and Landslides: Seasonal heavy rains often cause flooding and landslides, particularly in mountainous regions. These disasters will impact on security and logistical operations and further, can lead to water contamination, outbreaks of waterborne diseases such as leptospirosis and cholera, and displacement-related health issues.
Health Emergencies in Colombia
Vector-Borne Diseases such as Malaria is prevalent in areas such as the Pacific coast and Amazon basin, especially during the rainy season when mosquito populations surge. Dengue Fever and Chikungunya affect both urban and rural areas, with dengue outbreaks often occurring in the rainy season, straining healthcare resources.
Zika Virus poses risks, particularly to pregnant women due to potential birth defects, prompting government mosquito control efforts.
Further, Influenza and Tuberculosis (TB) are ongoing concerns, with programs in place to manage outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations.
Healthcare Access in Rural Areas
Limited Infrastructure: Rural areas often lack sufficient healthcare facilities and personnel, which exacerbates the impact of health emergencies. Access to emergency care and timely treatment is particularly challenging in remote regions like the Amazon.
Mobile Health Units: To counter this, the Colombian government and NGOs have implemented mobile health units to provide essential services, especially during crises like disease outbreaks or natural disasters.
Key Security Issues
Kidnapping in Colombia has historically been associated with organized crime and insurgent groups, although the situation has improved in recent years.
During the height of Colombia’s internal conflict, kidnappings were commonly carried out by groups like the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN), primarily for ransom or political leverage. While the 2016 peace agreement with FARC significantly reduced the frequency of such incidents, smaller factions and other criminal groups, including the ELN, still engage in kidnappings.
Today, most kidnappings in Colombia are economically motivated and involve individuals being held for ransom. A variant known as “express kidnapping” also occurs, where victims are briefly abducted and forced to withdraw money from ATMs. These incidents are more common in urban areas, with both locals and, on occasion, tourists being targeted. Rural regions, especially near borders and in areas with limited state presence, remain more susceptible to traditional kidnappings by armed groups.
Travelers are advised to exercise caution, avoid traveling in remote areas, and stay informed of local security advisories to mitigate risks.
Crime in Colombia
Street crime in Colombia is a notable concern, especially in larger cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali. Common types of street crime include pickpocketing, bag snatching, muggings, and, in some cases, express kidnappings, where victims are briefly held and forced to withdraw money from ATMs. These crimes often target both locals and tourists, especially in crowded areas, public transportation hubs, and popular nightlife districts.
The incidence of street crime tends to fluctuate, influenced by factors such as economic conditions and law enforcement presence. In urban centers, local authorities work to mitigate street crime through increased police patrols, community policing initiatives, and public awareness campaigns aimed at educating residents and visitors on safety measures.
While Colombia has made significant progress in reducing overall violence, street crime remains a challenge, particularly in economically disadvantaged areas and during peak tourist seasons. Travelers are advised to stay vigilant, avoid displaying valuables, use trusted transportation services, and be cautious in less familiar areas, especially after dark.
Global Travel AdvisoriesFAQs for visiting Colombia
You can find the following embassies in Colombia for the US and UK:
U.S. Embassy Bogotá
Calle 24 Bis No. 48-50,
Bogotá,
Colombia
Telephone: +57 1275 2000
Email: ACSBogota@state.gov
British Embassy Bogotá
Carrera 9, No 76-49, Piso 8,
Edificio ING Barings,
Bogotá,
Colombia
Telephone: +57 1326 8300
Email: consular.bogota@fco.gov.uk
Email: embajadabritanica.bogota@fco.gov.uk
The visa requirements for visiting Colombia vary depending on your nationality, the purpose of your visit, and the duration of your stay. Here’s a general overview:
Visa-Exempt Countries
Citizens from many countries, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and most EU countries, can enter Colombia for tourism or business purposes without a visa for stays of up to 90 days. Upon arrival, you may receive an entry stamp which can be extended for another 90 days if necessary.
Visa-Required Countries
Nationals from certain countries are required to obtain a visa before traveling to Colombia, regardless of the visit’s purpose or duration. Visitors from these countries must apply for a Tourist Visa (Visitor Visa) at a Colombian consulate or embassy before their trip.
Types of Visas
Visitor Visa (V): For tourism, business, medical treatment, academic exchange, and short-term studies. This visa is typically valid for up to 90 days, with options for extension.
Migrant Visa (M): For medium to long-term stays, such as work, study, or family reunification. This visa can be granted for up to three years, depending on the specific purpose.
Resident Visa (R): For permanent residency, available to those who qualify through specific criteria, such as long-term residency or investment in Colombia.
For the most up-to-date information, consult the official website of the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs or visit a Colombian embassy or consulate in your country before traveling.
Border officials have the right to ask for:
Your contact details
Your onward or return travel tickets
Proof of a hotel booking or other accommodation details
Over the past three years, Colombia has experienced several terrorist attacks, primarily attributed to guerrilla groups like the National Liberation Army (ELN) and dissidents from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).
Notable incidents include:
2021 Cúcuta Explosion: In June 2021, an explosive device targeted a military base in Cúcuta, injuring multiple individuals. The ELN was suspected of being involved.
Camilo Daza International Airport Bombing (2021): In December, an explosion at this airport in Cúcuta resulted in the deaths of two police officers. The ELN was again suspected to be responsible.
ELN Armed Strike (February 2022): Over three days, the ELN carried out multiple attacks across northern Colombia, including bombings, roadblocks, and attacks on police stations. These strikes targeted transportation routes and infrastructure, causing widespread disruption.
Vehicle Bomb Attack in Cauca (May 2024): A bomb detonated at a military base in Miranda, Cauca, which was attributed to FARC dissidents aiming to challenge government authority in the region.
Despite efforts to negotiate peace, Colombia continues to face challenges from these groups, which resist disarmament and often engage in attacks against government targets. The security situation is particularly tense in areas with limited state control, where these groups seek to maintain influence and resources through violence and intimidation.
Before visiting Colombia, it is important to ensure you have certain vaccinations to protect against potential health risks. The following vaccines are generally recommended:
Routine Vaccinations: Make sure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines, including:
- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
- Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)
- Polio
- Influenza (flu shot)
Hepatitis A: Recommended for most travelers, as it can be contracted through contaminated food or water.
Typhoid: Particularly recommended if you plan to visit rural areas, as it can also be spread through contaminated food and water.
Hepatitis B: Suggested for travelers who may have close contact with locals, such as for healthcare workers or those planning to stay longer and engage in activities that may expose them to bodily fluids.
Yellow Fever: Required if you plan to travel to regions where Yellow Fever is present, such as areas around the Amazon basin. Many areas in Colombia require a Yellow Fever vaccination certificate for entry, especially in jungle regions.
Rabies: Advised for travelers who may spend a lot of time outdoors or in rural areas, or who will work with animals, as rabies is present in Colombia.
Malaria: Although there is no vaccine, malaria is present in some parts of Colombia, particularly in rural and jungle areas. Travelers should take preventive antimalarial medications if visiting high-risk regions.
Consult with a healthcare provider or travel clinic at least 4-6 weeks before your trip to discuss your specific travel itinerary and personal health needs. This is also a good time to check on any recent updates regarding health advisories for the region.
Public Transportation in Colombia
Colombia offers a variety of public transportation options, particularly in major cities:
Buses: Cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali have extensive bus networks. Bogotá’s TransMilenio is a bus rapid transit system that runs on dedicated lanes, offering efficient travel across the city. Medellín has a similar system called Metroplús. In smaller cities and rural areas, traditional buses and minibuses, known as colectivos, are commonly used.
Metro and Cable Cars: Medellín is the only city in Colombia with a metro system, which is complemented by a network of cable cars connecting hilly neighborhoods. This system provides affordable and reliable public transport across the city.
Taxis and Ride-Sharing: Taxis are widely available in urban areas, but it is recommended to use authorized taxi services or ride-hailing apps like Uber, Cabify, and DiDi for safety and convenience. Taxis are usually metered, but it’s always advisable to confirm the fare before starting your journey.
Chivas and Mototaxis: In rural areas, traditional colorful buses called chivas and motorcycle taxis (mototaxis) are commonly used, especially where conventional public transportation is limited.
Driving in Colombia with a Foreign License
If you plan to drive in Colombia, you can use a valid foreign driving license for up to three months. However, it’s recommended to carry an International Driving Permit (IDP) alongside your home license, especially if it’s not in Spanish. For longer stays, you may need to obtain a Colombian driving license.
Road Conditions in Urban Areas
In major cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali, road infrastructure is generally well-developed, with paved streets, dedicated bus lanes, and regular maintenance. However, urban areas often experience heavy traffic congestion, particularly during rush hours. In cities like Bogotá, public transportation systems such as the TransMilenio help alleviate some traffic but are often crowded, contributing to congestion. Road quality in urban areas is typically good, though potholes and uneven surfaces can be common in certain neighborhoods.
Parking can be challenging in densely populated areas, and traffic regulations are strictly enforced in major cities, with measures such as peak-hour driving restrictions based on license plate numbers (Pico y Placa) in Bogotá to reduce congestion.
Road Conditions in Rural Areas
In rural Colombia, road conditions can be quite variable. While main highways connecting larger towns and cities are generally paved, secondary and tertiary roads are often unpaved or poorly maintained. These roads can become muddy and difficult to navigate during the rainy season, particularly in mountainous and jungle regions where landslides are common. Rural areas may also lack proper signage, guardrails, and lighting, increasing the difficulty of night driving.
In remote regions, especially in the Amazon and Pacific coastal areas, roads can be impassable during certain times of the year, and alternative transportation methods like boats or motorcycles may be necessary. Off-road vehicles are often recommended for travel in more rugged areas.
Overall, while Colombia has been investing in improving its road infrastructure, travelers should exercise caution, particularly when driving in rural or less developed regions, and consider local advice on current road conditions.
Our closest office
For any enquiries about our security services in Colombia, please contact our London office and our team will assist you.
Intelligent Protection International
330 High Holborn
WC1V 7QT
London
United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 207 4566740
Email: info@intelligent-protection.co.uk
Disclaimer
You are responsible for your own safety abroad and for making the decision to travel. The information contained in this Travel Advice for Colombia is provided for information only.
Whilst care is taken to ensure that this country brief is as up-to-date and accurate as possible, it is provided on an “as is” basis without any representation or endorsement made and without warranty of any kind, express or implied. Intelligent Protection International Limited does not assume responsibility and shall not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.