The visa requirements for visiting Iran depend on your nationality and the purpose of your visit. Here’s an overview:

The visa requirements for visiting Iran depend on your nationality and the purpose of your visit. Here’s an overview:

Tourist Visa (Type B) Most nationalities Must obtain a Tourist Visa before traveling to Iran. This can be done through Iranian embassies or consulates, or via the e-Visa system. The tourist visa is typically valid for 30 days, with the possibility of extension.

Visa on Arrival (VOA): Citizens of around 70 countries, including EU member states, Japan, and Australia, can obtain a visa on arrival at major Iranian airports. The VOA is valid for 30 days and can be extended.

Note: Citizens of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada are not eligible for VOA and must apply in advance.

Visa-Exempt Countries:
Citizens of certain countries, such as Turkey, Armenia, Syria, and Venezuela, can enter Iran without a visa for short stays (ranging from 15 to 90 days).

Visa for US., UK., and Canadian Citizens:
Citizens of the US., UK., and Canada must apply for a visa in advance through an Iranian consulate. They are also required to travel as part of an official guided tour, and their visa application process typically takes longer due to additional security screenings.

Business Visa (Type A)
For those traveling to Iran for business purposes, a Business Visa is required. This visa must be arranged in advance through an Iranian embassy or consulate.

Student Visa (Type E)

For students planning to study in Iran, a Student Visa is required. This visa is typically issued for the duration of the study program and must be obtained before traveling.

Entry Visa for Diplomats and Journalists:
Diplomats and foreign journalists are required to apply for specialized visas through official channels.

Border officials have the right to ask for:

Your contact details
Your onward or return travel tickets
Proof of a hotel booking or other accommodation details

For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it's recommended to consult the official Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and also Iran e-Visa Portal websites or visit a Iranian embassy or consulate in your country before traveling.

In recent years, Iran has experienced several significant security incidents related to terrorism and militant activities.

One major concern involves insurgent groups, such as Jaish al-Adl, which have carried out attacks in the southeastern regions of Iran, particularly in the Sistan and Baluchestan province. This group, tied to Sunni militancy, frequently targets Iranian security forces. In January 2024, Jaish al-Adl claimed responsibility for an attack on an Iranian military vehicle, highlighting ongoing tensions in the region.

Additionally, Iran has been involved in cross-border conflicts with neighboring countries, including Pakistan, related to separatist movements. In January 2024, a series of military strikes and counterstrikes between Iran and Pakistan escalated, driven by border clashes with militant groups.

Externally, Iran has been active in regional conflicts, including a major missile attack on Israel in October 2024, where Iran launched ballistic missiles in response to escalating tensions with Israel. These incidents reflect Iran's complex security landscape, shaped by both domestic insurgencies and international military engagements.

Before visiting Iran, travelers should ensure they are up to date on several important vaccinations. Routine immunizations, such as those for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), and polio, are essential for general health. Vaccination against Hepatitis A is recommended for all travelers, as this disease can be contracted through contaminated food or water. Additionally, Hepatitis B is advised for those who may engage in close contact with locals or take part in activities that pose a higher risk of exposure to bodily fluids.

Typhoid vaccination is also suggested, especially if you plan to visit rural areas or eat outside major tourist zones, where sanitation standards may be less consistent. For those planning extended stays in remote regions or who may be exposed to animals, a rabies vaccine is advisable.

Finally, Malaria is also present in certain southeastern regions of Iran, so travelers to those areas may need preventive antimalarial medication, though there is no vaccine for malaria.

Public Transportation in Iran

Iran has a relatively well-developed public transportation system, especially in large cities like Tehran, Isfahan, and Mashhad. The options include buses, taxis, and metro systems.

Metro Systems: Tehran boasts a modern, expansive metro network, with multiple lines covering different parts of the city and its suburbs. It's fast, affordable, and used daily by millions of commuters. Mashhad also has a metro system, though smaller in scale.

Buses: Public buses operate in all major cities, and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lines are available in Tehran and other cities, providing dedicated lanes for quicker travel. Long-distance buses are a popular and cost-effective way to travel between cities. There are both standard and luxury bus options for intercity travel.

Taxis and Ride-Hailing: Taxis are widely available in urban areas. You can use regular taxis or ride-hailing apps such as Snapp (Iran's version of Uber), which are more common in larger cities. Taxis are relatively affordable, but it's recommended to agree on the fare before starting the ride or use the ride-hailing apps to avoid misunderstandings.

Trains: Iran has a national rail network connecting major cities, though travel by train tends to be slower than buses. Trains are generally comfortable and affordable, with options for overnight travel.

Driving on a Foreign License in Iran

If you wish to drive in Iran, you can use an International Driving Permit (IDP) along with your home country's license for up to 6 months. After this period, you may need to apply for an Iranian driving license. While driving in cities like Tehran can be hectic due to heavy traffic and aggressive driving habits, the country has a good network of highways connecting major cities.

Visitors are advised to be cautious, especially when driving in rural areas where road conditions may vary. Traffic laws are strictly enforced, and you should familiarize yourself with local road rules to avoid fines.

Road Conditions in Iran

The quality of roads in Iran varies significantly depending on the region:

Urban Areas: Major cities like Tehran, Isfahan, and Shiraz generally have well-maintained roads, with modern highways and major routes offering smooth driving conditions. In cities, roads are typically paved, but heavy traffic and congestion, especially in Tehran, can make driving challenging. Traffic laws are enforced, but driving habits can be aggressive, requiring caution from visitors.

Highways: Iran has a decent network of highways (autobahns), particularly those connecting major cities. These highways are generally in good condition and provide relatively smooth travel between key destinations. Some routes, particularly those linking Tehran to Isfahan or Tehran to the Caspian Sea, are busy but well-maintained.

Rural Roads: In rural and more remote areas, road quality tends to be less consistent. Many roads are paved but can be narrow, with poor signage, lighting, and limited facilities along the way. In mountainous regions, such as near the Zagros Mountains or Alborz Mountains, road conditions may become challenging, with steep inclines and sharp bends, especially during winter months when snow and ice can make travel hazardous.

Desert and Remote Areas: Traveling in desert areas, like Dasht-e Kavir (Great Salt Desert) and Dasht-e Lut, requires caution. Some roads may be unpaved or in poor condition, and it’s common to encounter long stretches without access to services such as gas stations. Drivers in these regions should ensure they are well-prepared with supplies, a full tank of gas, and a vehicle capable of handling rough terrain.

Weather Impact: Weather conditions, particularly in winter, can significantly affect road quality. Snowfall and ice are common in northern and mountainous regions, while summer heat can affect road surfaces in desert areas. Flooding during the rainy season can also damage roads in some parts of the country.

Road Safety

Iran's road safety record is mixed, with a high rate of traffic accidents, particularly on highways. Speeding, poor driving habits, and inadequate safety features on some roads contribute to this issue. Travelers are advised to exercise caution, wear seatbelts, and follow local traffic laws strictly to ensure safety.