South Africa Travel Advice
South Africa is a diverse and dynamic country located at the southern tip of the African continent.
It is known for its stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and significant political and economic influence in Africa.
The country is famous for its diverse geography, ranging from the arid deserts of the Kalahari to the lush Drakensberg Mountains, and the coastal plains of KwaZulu-Natal. The Cape Floral Region is home to unique biodiversity. South Africa experiences a variety of climates, including Mediterranean (in the Western Cape), tropical (in the northeast), and semi-arid in the interior. This diversity allows for a variety of agricultural products and tourism opportunities.
South Africa’s culture reflects a blend of African traditions, colonial heritage (mainly British and Dutch), and the influence of its Indian and Asian communities. The country’s history of apartheid and its eventual transition to a democratic state has shaped much of its contemporary identity.
The country has one of the most developed and diversified economies in Africa. It is classified as an upper-middle-income economy by the World Bank. Major economic sectors include mining (particularly gold, platinum, and diamonds), manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. South Africa is the world’s largest producer of platinum and a leading producer of gold.
Despite its wealth, the country faces significant issues such as high unemployment, income inequality, and poverty. It also deals with structural economic challenges, including energy shortages (primarily due to the state-owned electricity supplier Eskom) and a reliance on resource-based exports.
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Key Information for South Africa
Emergency Services
Police emergency: 10111
Medical emergency: 10177
GSM emergency number: 122
Netcare911*: 082 911
*Netcare911 are one of largest private emergency response companies. They will respond to emergencies whether you are a member or not.
Country Overview
Capital City: Pretoria
Capital (judicial): Bloemfontein
Capital (legislative): Cape Town
Official State Language(s): Afrikaans, English and other local.
Official State Religion(s): Christianity
State Currency: South African Rand (ZAR)
Current Capital Time:
How safe is South Africa?
As of October 2024, the security situation in South Africa is characterized by multiple challenges, with high levels of violent crime, civil unrest, and political tensions dominating the landscape.
Violent Crime:
Violent crime remains a serious concern across South Africa, especially in major cities like Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban. Crimes such as armed robbery, carjackings, home invasions, and muggings are common. In particular, smash-and-grab incidents on vehicles at traffic lights and in high-crime areas are frequent. Travelers are urged to be vigilant, especially when driving, and to avoid showing valuables.
Tourist hotspots such as Table Mountain National Park and certain areas of Cape Town have experienced occasional assaults and thefts, although security in popular tourist areas has been increased in recent years. Visitors are advised to take guided tours and avoid isolated areas.
Civil Unrest:
South Africa frequently experiences protests related to service delivery failures (water, electricity, housing) and socio-economic inequality. These protests often turn violent, involving clashes between protestors and security forces. Major cities, especially in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, and Western Cape, are prone to disruptions caused by strikes and public demonstrations.
During elections or politically sensitive periods, these protests can escalate into broader civil unrest. For example, during the May 2024 elections, there were several violent clashes between political groups, especially in areas such as KwaZulu-Natal, where political rivalries are more intense.
Political Tensions and Violence:
The political environment in South Africa has become increasingly tense, with intra-party conflict within the African National Congress (ANC) and confrontations between major opposition parties like the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) and the Democratic Alliance (DA). These tensions have led to localized outbreaks of political violence, particularly during elections or key political events.
In May 2024, multiple incidents of political violence were reported, including clashes in eThekwini and Johannesburg, where political party members were killed in pre-election violence.
While South Africa has a strong democratic tradition, including free elections, political violence often targets party supporters or rival activists, and bystanders may occasionally be caught in the crossfire. Political demonstrations also contribute to transportation disruptions and increased security measures in key urban areas.
Service Delivery and Energy Crisis:
South Africa continues to face service delivery failures due to infrastructure issues, water shortages, and the ongoing energy crisis. Eskom, the state-owned electricity provider, has struggled with load shedding, which leads to regular power outages across the country. This has fueled further dissatisfaction among the population, leading to service delivery protests.
These protests often disrupt public services, transportation, and business operations, particularly in low-income areas and along major highways. They are usually marked by road blockages, vandalism, and clashes with law enforcement.
Safety Recommendations for Travelers:
Avoid high-crime areas: Tourists should avoid walking alone in isolated or poorly lit areas, especially after dark. In cities, it's safer to use official taxis or ride-hailing services rather than public transport in unfamiliar neighborhoods.
Political gatherings: Travelers should avoid political demonstrations and protests, as these can quickly escalate into violent confrontations. Avoid areas near voting stations, government buildings, and party headquarters during election periods.
Road safety: Driving in South Africa poses risks due to carjackings and road conditions. It’s advisable to use GPS with caution, as it may direct travelers through unsafe areas. Stick to main highways and well-lit roads.
Monitor local news: Stay updated on the security situation, especially regarding potential protests, strikes, or political events that could lead to civil unrest or violence. Consider enrolling in traveler security alerts through your embassy or travel insurance provider.
Conclusion:
South Africa, despite being a top tourist destination with diverse attractions, faces ongoing challenges related to crime, civil unrest, and political instability. These security risks require travelers to remain vigilant, especially in urban areas, and to avoid areas of potential unrest.
Health Emergencies in South Africa
Health emergencies in South Africa can be varied, depending on the region, healthcare infrastructure, and the specific health risks present. Here’s a detailed overview of what to expect and how to prepare:
Healthcare Infrastructure:
Public Healthcare: South Africa has a dual healthcare system consisting of public and private sectors. Public healthcare, though widespread, often suffers from underfunding, overcrowding, and resource shortages, particularly in rural areas. Waiting times for emergency treatment in public hospitals can be long, and the quality of care is inconsistent.
Private Healthcare: Private hospitals and clinics, particularly in urban centers like Cape Town, Johannesburg, and Durban, offer high-quality care, comparable to international standards. However, this care can be expensive, and upfront payment or proof of insurance is often required.
Emergency Medical Services (EMS):
EMS in Cities: Emergency medical services in urban areas are generally well-developed, with response times in major cities being relatively fast. Private ambulance services like Netcare 911 and ER24 offer reliable and advanced medical response, though public ambulances may be slower to respond in less central areas.
EMS in Rural Areas: In more remote areas, emergency response can be delayed due to fewer medical facilities and longer distances between them. Travelers venturing outside cities are advised to have emergency evacuation insurance and be prepared for longer wait times in case of medical emergencies.
Common Health Risks:
HIV/AIDS: South Africa has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates globally, although significant strides have been made in terms of awareness campaigns and antiretroviral treatment (ART). The healthcare system has programs in place to provide free HIV testing and ART for those affected.
Tuberculosis (TB): TB is another major health issue in South Africa, often linked with HIV/AIDS. Treatment is available through public health facilities, but the disease remains a significant public health challenge.
Malaria: While most of South Africa is malaria-free, the northern provinces (like parts of Limpopo and Mpumalanga near the Kruger National Park) and KwaZulu-Natal have malaria risk, especially during the rainy season (September to May). Travelers should take antimalarial medications and use mosquito repellents in these areas.
Diarrheal Diseases: Waterborne diseases like cholera and diarrheal diseases can pose a risk, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. Travelers should drink bottled water and avoid consuming food from unregulated street vendors.
Pharmacies and Medications:
Pharmacies are widely available in urban centers and are generally well-stocked with over-the-counter medications and prescription drugs. Travelers should, however, carry an adequate supply of any prescription medications they regularly take, as well as a basic first-aid kit.
FAQs for visiting South Africa
You can find the following embassies in Namibia for the US and UK:
U.S. Consulate General, Pretoria
877 Pretorius St
Arcadia,
Pretoria
South Africa
Telephone: 011 290 3000 (Johannesburg)
Emergency Telephone: 079 111 1684 (Johannesburg)
Telephone: 021 702 7300 (Cape Town)
Emergency Telephone: 079 111 0391 (Cape Town)
Telephone: 031 305 7600 (Durban)
Emergency Telephone: 079 111 1445 (Durban)
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
British High Commission Pretoria
255 Hill Street,
Arcadia,
Pretoria,
0028,
South Africa
Telephone: +27 12 421 7500
Email: [email protected]
To visit South Africa, the visa requirements depend on your nationality, the purpose of your visit, and the duration of your stay. Here is an overview of the visa types and requirements:
Visa-Exempt Countries:
Citizens of certain countries do not need a visa for short visits (typically up to 90 days) for tourism, business, or transit purposes including the US, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and most European Union countries.
Visitors from visa-exempt countries are allowed entry with just a valid passport and may stay for up to 90 days without a visa. Extensions can be applied for at the South African Department of Home Affairs if necessary.
Tourist Visa:
If you are from a country that is not visa-exempt, you will need to apply for a tourist visa before traveling. The visa typically allows a stay of up to 90 days.
Required documents for a tourist visa include:
- A completed visa application form.
- A valid passport (with at least 30 days after the intended departure from South Africa).
- Proof of accommodation (hotel bookings or an invitation letter if staying with friends or family).
- A return or onward flight ticket.
- Proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.
- Visa fee payment.
- A yellow fever vaccination certificate if arriving from a country with yellow fever risk.
Business Visa:
Business visas are required if you are entering South Africa for business purposes. This visa allows a stay of up to 90 days.
Similar documentation to the tourist visa is required, but with the addition of:
- Proof of business activities or reason for travel.
Work, Study, and Long-Term Visas:
If you plan to stay in South Africa for longer than 90 days or if you intend to work, study, or live there, you will need to apply for a relevant long-term visa:
Work Visa:
Requires an offer of employment from a South African company.
Study Visa: Requires acceptance from a recognized educational institution in South Africa.
Temporary Residence Visa: For longer stays such as retirement, volunteer work, or other non-employment purposes.
Transit Visa:
If you are transiting through South Africa en route to another destination and will not leave the airport, you may not need a visa, depending on your nationality. However, for longer layovers or if you intend to leave the airport, a transit visa may be required.
Visa Extensions:
If you are already in South Africa and need to extend your stay beyond the allowed period, you can apply for a visa extension at the Department of Home Affairs. This process must be done before your current visa expires.
Important Considerations:
Passport Validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least 30 days after your intended departure and has at least two blank pages for entry and exit stamps.
Yellow Fever Vaccination: If you are arriving from a country where yellow fever is prevalent, you will need to present a yellow fever vaccination certificate upon arrival.
For specific requirements based on your nationality, it’s recommended to consult the South African Department of Home Affairs website or visit the South African embassy or consulate in your country.
In 2024, South Africa has increasingly been identified as a hub for terrorism financing, particularly linked to ISIS networks.
While there have been no recent large-scale terrorist attacks within the country, investigations by authorities, including the U.S. Treasury, revealed the involvement of South African individuals in funding ISIS activities across Africa. In July 2024, two individuals were sanctioned for their role in coordinating the transfer of funds to ISIS affiliates operating in other parts of the continent. This has raised concerns about South Africa being used as a base for extremist financial operations.
The country itself has largely been free from direct terrorist attacks, but the discovery of these financing networks emphasizes the need for increased vigilance in monitoring and preventing radical activities. South Africa’s financial systems have been exploited for the transfer of funds, indicating a broader issue that requires both national and international cooperation to prevent further risks.
Despite these developments, the primary security concerns within South Africa continue to revolve around crime and civil unrest, with terrorism being a secondary issue tied to global networks rather than localized insurgent activity. Nonetheless, the government remains aware of potential future risks and has been cooperating with international agencies to mitigate these threats.
Before traveling to South Africa, it's essential to ensure you are properly vaccinated to prevent potential health risks. Here’s an expanded overview of the recommended vaccines and immunizations:
Routine Vaccinations:
Make sure you are up to date on the following:
- MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella): South Africa has occasional outbreaks of measles, making it important to ensure immunity.
- Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP): Routine in most countries but essential to maintain.
- Polio: Especially relevant if you are visiting rural areas.
- Influenza: The flu can circulate year-round, so it’s good to stay updated.
Hepatitis A:
Hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated food and water, and it’s recommended for all travelers to South Africa, especially those staying in rural areas or eating in small, local establishments.
Hepatitis B:
Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. This vaccine is recommended for those who may be at risk of coming into contact with these fluids, such as healthcare workers, or those planning extended stays or close contact with the local population.
Typhoid:
Typhoid fever is caused by contaminated food and water. Travelers, particularly those visiting rural areas or planning to eat at small, local food outlets, should receive the typhoid vaccine.
Rabies:
Rabies is present in South Africa, particularly in rural regions where travelers may come into contact with wild animals or stray dogs. A rabies vaccination is recommended if you plan to spend extended time outdoors, work with animals, or visit rural areas.
Malaria Prevention:
There is no vaccine for malaria, but it is important to take preventive measures if you are traveling to malaria-endemic areas, particularly in the northern provinces such as Limpopo or Mpumalanga (especially near Kruger National Park). Consult with a healthcare provider for the appropriate antimalarial medication based on your travel itinerary.
Yellow Fever:
Although South Africa is not at risk for yellow fever, if you are arriving from a country where yellow fever is prevalent, you will need to provide a yellow fever vaccination certificate upon entry.
Traveler's Diarrhea:
While not a vaccine, it’s recommended to take oral rehydration salts and anti-diarrheal medication with you to treat any instances of traveler’s diarrhea.
Conclusion:
Before visiting South Africa, consult with a travel clinic or healthcare provider 4–6 weeks prior to departure to ensure you are properly vaccinated and prepared for your trip. The exact vaccines you need will depend on your specific activities, regions you plan to visit, and your health history. Be sure to take preventive measures for malaria if visiting areas where it is present.
Public Transportation in South Africa:
Public transportation in South Africa varies in quality and reliability, with major cities offering better services than rural areas. The main options include:
Minibus Taxis: Widely used and inexpensive, but often overcrowded and poorly regulated. They are the main mode of transport for many South Africans, particularly in cities like Johannesburg, Durban, and Cape Town. However, safety concerns exist due to reckless driving and overloading.
Buses:
City Buses: Cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg offer reliable bus services. In Cape Town, the MyCiTi bus system is known for its convenience and affordability.
Intercity Buses: Services like Greyhound, Intercape, and Translux provide comfortable long-distance travel between cities and towns. These buses are generally reliable and cater to tourists and locals alike.
Metrobus in Johannesburg and Golden Arrow in Cape Town provide regular city services, but delays can occur due to traffic or technical issues.
Trains:
Gautrain: A modern, efficient rapid transit system connecting Johannesburg, Pretoria, and OR Tambo International Airport. It's popular with tourists and commuters, offering a safe and fast option for intercity travel in Gauteng Province.
Metrorail: Operates commuter trains in several cities, but it is often criticized for being unreliable and having safety concerns, especially in less regulated areas.
Ride-hailing Services:
Uber and Bolt are widely available in cities and are preferred by many travelers due to their safety, convenience, and relatively low cost. They are a popular alternative to taxis or minibuses, especially in urban areas.
Taxis:
Traditional taxis are available, but they do not always have meters. Fares need to be agreed upon upfront, and they are less commonly used compared to ride-hailing apps.
Driving with Your License:
You can drive in South Africa using your foreign driver’s license, provided it has a photo and is in English. If your license is not in English, you will need an International Driving Permit (IDP), which translates your license into English and is accepted alongside your original license.
Key Considerations:
Left-hand driving: South Africa drives on the left side of the road.
Road conditions: Major highways and city roads are generally well-maintained, but rural and remote roads can be poorly maintained, and 4x4 vehicles may be necessary for certain areas.
Road safety: It’s important to be aware of the risks, especially at night in rural areas where wildlife or pedestrians may be on the roads. In urban areas, carjacking and smash-and-grab incidents can happen, so drivers are advised to keep doors locked and valuables out of sight.
Traffic laws: South African road rules are strict, and traffic police enforce speed limits, seatbelt requirements, and driving under the influence laws heavily.
Summary:
Public transportation in South Africa, particularly in cities, offers a variety of options from buses to ride-hailing services, with varying levels of safety and reliability. For those comfortable with driving, having a valid license (or an IDP if needed) provides flexibility to explore the country, though travelers should be cautious of road safety, particularly in remote and urban high-crime areas.
Our closest office
For any enquiries about our security services in South Africa, please contact our London office and our team will assist you.
Intelligent Protection International
330 High Holborn
WC1V 7QT
London
United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 207 4566740
Email: [email protected]
Disclaimer
You are responsible for your own safety abroad and for making the decision to travel. The information contained in this Travel Advice for South Africa is provided for information only.
Whilst care is taken to ensure that this country brief is as up-to-date and accurate as possible, it is provided on an “as is” basis without any representation or endorsement made and without warranty of any kind, express or implied. Intelligent Protection International Limited does not assume responsibility and shall not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.