Zambia Travel Advice
Zambia, located in southern Africa, is a landlocked country known for its rich natural resources, diverse wildlife, and stunning landscapes.
It shares borders with Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Angola. The country’s capital is Lusaka, and its population is approximately 19 million.
Zambia has over 70 ethnic groups, with Bemba, Tonga, Lozi, and Chewa being some of the largest. The country’s culture reflects this diversity, with different regions celebrating distinct traditional festivals, music, and customs.
The country is one of the world’s largest producers of copper, and mining remains the backbone of its economy. However, fluctuations in global copper prices have a significant impact on the country's financial stability. Agriculture is another critical sector, employing much of the rural population. Maize is the staple crop, but Zambia also grows tobacco, cotton, sugar, and vegetables.
Zambia’s natural beauty, wildlife, and cultural heritage make it a popular tourist destination, with the safari industry playing a major role in the economy. National parks like South Luangwa and Kafue attract visitors seeking walking safaris and opportunities to see the Big Five. Victoria Falls, one of the world’s largest waterfalls, is a key attraction, offering activities like white-water rafting and bungee jumping. Tourism also contributes significantly to conservation efforts and local employment, with the sector contributing around 7.5% to Zambia's GDP. The government views tourism as a vital part of its strategy to diversify the economy beyond copper mining.
Since gaining independence from Britain in 1964, Zambia is a multi-party democracy. The country has experienced relative political stability. The United National Independence Party (UNIP) under Kenneth Kaunda ruled for 27 years, but the country has had peaceful transitions of power through democratic elections since 1991.
Despite political stability, Zambia faces challenges like poverty, unemployment, and inequality, particularly in rural areas. The country is working to diversify its economy beyond copper mining and to improve infrastructure and social services.
Visiting Zambia FAQsHire a bodyguard in Zambia
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Key Information for Zambia
Emergency Services
Police emergency: 999
Fire emergency: 991
Medical emergency: 993
Country Overview
Capital City: Lusaka
Official State Language(s): English
Official State Religion(s): Christianity
State Currency: Zambian Kwacha (ZK)
Current Capital Time:
How safe is Zambia?
Zambia is navigating a mix of humanitarian challenges, particularly related to food insecurity and health concerns, though the overall security situation remains stable.
Crime:
Urban Crime: In major cities like Lusaka, Livingstone, and Ndola, the most common security risks involve petty crime such as pickpocketing, theft, and bag snatching. These incidents typically occur in crowded areas like markets and public transport stations. Street crime can also occur at night, and travelers are advised to avoid walking alone after dark.
Home Burglaries: In urban residential areas, home burglaries are a concern, especially in neighborhoods with lower levels of security. Many expatriates and wealthier Zambians live in compounds with 24-hour security to mitigate this risk.
Carjacking and Vehicle Theft: While less common than in some other African countries, there are occasional reports of carjackings and vehicle theft, especially in Lusaka. Drivers are advised to keep windows rolled up and doors locked while driving, especially in high-traffic areas.
Food Insecurity:
Zambia is currently experiencing a significant food crisis, with more than 5.8 million people facing heightened levels of hunger. This is largely due to prolonged droughts, worsened by climate change and El Niño, which have led to poor crop yields, particularly in staple crops like maize. The situation has been compounded by pest infestations, including outbreaks of Fall Armyworm and cassava diseases, and rising input and food prices. Many rural communities, already struggling with poverty, are particularly vulnerable, and the country has moved into IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) and IPC Phase 4 (Emergency) food insecurity levels.
The food insecurity crisis is projected to worsen during the lean season, from October 2024 to March 2025, with many households expected to adopt negative coping mechanisms such as selling assets or reducing meal portions, further entrenching poverty. In response, humanitarian organizations and the Zambian government are focusing on lifesaving interventions, such as food distribution and support for agricultural livelihoods.
Political and Social Stability:
Politically, Zambia remains stable under the leadership of President Hakainde Hichilema, who has continued to focus on economic reforms and anti-corruption measures since coming to power in 2021. Despite some dissatisfaction over the handling of economic issues and food prices, the country has avoided widespread political unrest or violence.
There are occasional peaceful demonstrations in Lusaka and other cities, usually focused on economic concerns like high food prices or employment issues. These protests are generally non-violent, but travelers are advised to avoid large gatherings as a precaution.
Visiting Zambia FAQsHealth Emergencies in Zambia
Zambia, health emergencies are an ongoing concern, particularly due to challenges such as infectious diseases, waterborne illnesses, and limited healthcare infrastructure in rural areas. Here’s an overview of the key health-related issues that travelers and residents should be aware of:
Cholera Outbreak:
In addition to food shortages, Zambia is grappling with a cholera outbreak that began in late 2023 and has continued into 2024, affecting all ten provinces. Thousands of people have been infected, with fatalities reported, especially in districts with limited access to clean water and sanitation. Cholera has further strained Zambia’s public health system, which is already dealing with other endemic diseases like malaria and HIV/AIDS. Efforts to curb the outbreak are underway, with the government and international organizations providing clean water, sanitation services, and vaccination campaigns in affected areas.
Malaria:
Malaria is endemic in most parts of Zambia, with higher transmission rates during the rainy season (November to April). The disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, is a leading cause of illness and death, particularly among children. Travelers to Zambia should take antimalarial medication, use insect repellents, and sleep under mosquito nets. The Zambian government, along with international partners, is involved in malaria prevention efforts, including insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying.
HIV/AIDS:
Zambia has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa, affecting roughly 11% of the population. Despite this, there have been improvements in awareness, treatment, and prevention over the past decade, with wide availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The government’s efforts, along with international support, have contributed to lowering the transmission rates, but visitors should still exercise caution and be aware of the risks.
Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health challenge in Zambia, often linked to HIV co-infection. TB treatment is available, but Zambia’s public health infrastructure can be overstretched, especially in rural areas where access to healthcare services is limited.
Typhoid and Diarrheal Diseases:
Typhoid and other diarrheal diseases are common in Zambia due to poor sanitation and unsafe drinking water in some regions. Travelers are encouraged to be vigilant about food and water safety by drinking bottled or boiled water, avoiding ice in drinks, and eating well-cooked meals. The typhoid vaccine is recommended for those staying in or traveling to areas with inadequate sanitation.
Emergency Medical Services:
Emergency medical services (EMS) in Zambia are underdeveloped, especially in rural areas. Ambulance services are limited, and response times can be long, particularly outside major cities. The quality of healthcare varies significantly between urban centers like Lusaka or Ndola and more remote areas. Private hospitals in cities provide better care, but these facilities often require upfront payment or proof of insurance. Travelers should ensure they have comprehensive medical insurance that covers emergency evacuation, particularly if traveling to rural or remote regions where medical facilities may be inadequate.
Healthcare Infrastructure:
While Zambia has made progress in improving healthcare access, particularly in urban centers, the system remains under-resourced in many parts of the country. Public hospitals often face shortages of medical supplies and personnel, and long wait times are common. Private hospitals offer better care but at a higher cost, making health insurance essential for those planning to stay in Zambia.
FAQs for visiting Zambia
You can find the following embassies in Zambia for the US and UK:
U.S. Embassy Lusaka
Eastern end of Kabulonga Road,
Ibex Hill,
P.O. Box 320065,
Lusaka,
Zambia
Telephone: +260 211 357 000
British High Commission Lusaka
5210 Independence Avenue,
P.O. Box 50050,
15101 Ridgeway,
Lusaka,
10101,
Zambia
Telephone: +260 211 423 200
Email: [email protected]
To visit Zambia, you will likely need a visa depending on your nationality, the purpose of your visit, and the duration of your stay. Here are the types of visas and requirements:
Visa-Exempt Countries:
Citizens of some countries, primarily those within Southern African Development Community (SADC), such as Botswana, Malawi, Mauritius, and Zimbabwe, do not need a visa for stays up to 90 days for tourism or business purposes.
Tourist Visa:
Single-entry visas: Most travelers, including those from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and many European Union countries, need a visa to enter Zambia. A single-entry visa is valid for up to 90 days.
Multiple-entry visas: Available for travelers who plan to enter Zambia more than once. This visa is also valid for 90 days but allows for multiple entries.
Documents required include:
- A valid passport (with at least six months of validity and two blank pages)
- A completed visa application form
- Passport-sized photographs
- Proof of accommodation or an invitation letter
- Return or onward ticket
- Payment of the visa fee, which varies based on nationality and visa type
Visa on Arrival:
Many nationalities, including citizens from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, are eligible to obtain a visa on arrival at Zambia's international airports and border posts. The fees for a single-entry visa are typically around $50 USD, and for a double-entry visa, it's around $80 USD.
eVisa:
Zambia also offers an eVisa system that allows travelers to apply for a visa online before their trip. The eVisa can be applied for through the Zambian Immigration Department's website. This option is often more convenient and avoids potential delays at border crossings.
The eVisa is available for single-entry, double-entry, and multiple-entry purposes, with processing taking between 3 to 5 days.
KAZA Univisa:
For those visiting both Zambia and Zimbabwe, the KAZA Univisa is available, allowing travelers to visit both countries on a single visa. It is valid for 30 days and costs around $50 USD. This visa is ideal for tourists visiting attractions like Victoria Falls from both sides of the border.
Business Visa:
Travelers visiting Zambia for business purposes require a business visa. The single-entry business visa is valid for 30 days, and multiple-entry visas may be issued based on the needs of the traveler. Business visas can be applied for in advance or obtained on arrival, and the documentation required is similar to that for tourist visas but may also include an invitation letter from the Zambian business partner or company.
Transit Visa:
Transit visas are available for travelers passing through Zambia en route to another destination. These visas are valid for stays of up to 7 days and are available at border crossings or through the eVisa system.
Work and Residence Permits:
If you plan to work, volunteer, or stay long-term in Zambia, you will need a work permit or residence permit. These require additional documentation, including a job offer or volunteering agreement, and the application process is handled through the Zambian Ministry of Home Affairs.
Key Considerations:
Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
You may need to provide proof of yellow fever vaccination if you are arriving from a country where yellow fever is endemic.
For the most up-to-date information and to apply for an eVisa, visit the Zambian Immigration Department website or consult the nearest Zambian embassy or consulate in your country.
Zambia has largely remained peaceful and stable, with low terrorism risk compared to many neighboring countries.
There have been no significant terrorist attacks reported within the country in recent years. However, Zambia remains cautious about cross-border threats due to its proximity to regions with higher activity from militant groups, especially in neighboring countries like Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
In terms of international security efforts, Zambia has actively participated in initiatives to enhance border security and combat cross-border crimes. For instance, INTERPOL conducted border security operations in 2023, during which checks uncovered individuals wanted for terrorism-related offenses as well as other crimes like money laundering. These actions reflect Zambia's commitment to improving security at its borders, though the country itself remains relatively free from internal terrorist incidents.
Overall, Zambia’s main security concerns tend to revolve around crime, political protests, and cross-border smuggling, rather than direct terrorism within its borders. The government, alongside international partners, continues to strengthen its security measures to prevent any potential threats.
Before visiting Zambia, it is essential to ensure that your vaccinations and immunizations are up to date. The specific vaccines you may need depend on factors like your health history, the regions you plan to visit, and the length of your stay. Here is a list of recommended vaccines and immunizations:
Routine Vaccinations:
Ensure you are up to date on routine vaccines, including:
- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
- Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP)
- Polio
- Varicella (Chickenpox)
- Influenza
Hepatitis A:
Recommended for all travelers, as Hepatitis A can be contracted through contaminated food or water in Zambia.
Hepatitis B:
Recommended for travelers who may be exposed to blood or body fluids, such as healthcare workers or those engaging in activities that increase risk (e.g., sexual contact or medical procedures).
Typhoid:
Typhoid is spread through contaminated food or water, and vaccination is highly recommended for travelers staying in rural areas or visiting friends and family.
Yellow Fever:
A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if you are arriving from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission. Zambia itself is not a yellow fever risk area, but travelers coming from affected areas must present a certificate upon entry.
Malaria:
Malaria is widespread in Zambia, particularly in rural and low-altitude areas. There is no vaccine, but travelers should take antimalarial medications (such as Malarone, Doxycycline, or Mefloquine) and use preventive measures, including insect repellent, mosquito nets, and long sleeves.
Rabies:
Rabies is present in Zambia, particularly in rural areas. A rabies vaccine is recommended if you will be working with animals, spending extended time outdoors, or traveling to areas far from medical care.
Cholera:
Zambia experiences cholera outbreaks from time to time. The cholera vaccine may be recommended for travelers going to areas with known outbreaks or regions where access to clean water and proper sanitation is limited.
Meningococcal Meningitis:
If traveling to Zambia during the meningitis season (December to June) or planning to visit areas where the disease is known to occur, a meningococcal meningitis vaccine is advised.
Other Preventive Measures:
Traveler's Diarrhea: While there is no vaccine, it’s a good idea to carry oral rehydration salts and anti-diarrheal medication. Be cautious about food and water sources to avoid illness.
Consultation:
It’s advisable to visit a travel clinic or healthcare provider 4-6 weeks before your trip to ensure you have adequate time to receive vaccinations and prescriptions for antimalarial medications. Your doctor can also provide tailored advice based on your specific travel plans.
Public Transportation in Zambia:
Public transportation in Tanzania is limited and varies significantly between urban centers like Dar es Salaam and rural areas. Here’s an overview of the main options:
Buses:
City Buses: Major cities, such as Dar es Salaam, have an urban bus service known as DART (Dar Rapid Transit), which is more reliable and widely used by locals. It serves several routes and is relatively affordable.
Intercity Buses: There are long-distance buses connecting major cities like Arusha, Moshi, Dar es Salaam, and Dodoma. Companies like Shabiby, Tahmeed, and Kilimanjaro Express offer bus services, but road safety and schedules can vary. Buses can be overcrowded, and road conditions between cities may be poor.
Minibuses/Daladalas: Common in both cities and rural areas, daladalas are shared minibuses that are cheap but often overcrowded and considered less safe due to poor maintenance and reckless driving.
Taxis and Ride-hailing:
Taxis are available in most urban areas but are often unmetered, so it’s important to negotiate fares before starting the journey.
Ride-hailing apps like Uber and Bolt are operational in cities like Dar es Salaam, providing a more convenient and safer alternative to traditional taxis.
Motorcycle Taxis (Boda Bodas):
Boda bodas are popular, especially in more rural areas or congested urban environments. They offer an affordable way to navigate through traffic, but they can be dangerous due to high accident rates and inconsistent use of helmets.
Trains:
Tanzania has a rail network, including the Tanzania-Zambia Railway (TAZARA), which links Dar es Salaam to Zambia and passes through various towns and cities. While this is a scenic option, train services are often unreliable and prone to delays.
Ferries:
Ferries are important for travel between mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar, as well as other coastal destinations. The ferries between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar are frequent, with services offered by companies like Azam Marine.
Driving in Tanzania
If you prefer to drive in Tanzania, here are the key requirements:
Driving License:
Tourists can drive in Tanzania using their home country’s driving license for a limited period (up to 3 months) if it is written in English or accompanied by an International Driving Permit (IDP).
If your license is not in English, an IDP is recommended and accepted alongside your original license.
Road Conditions:
Main roads between major cities are generally paved and in good condition, but rural roads are often unpaved and can become impassable during the rainy season.
A 4x4 vehicle is recommended if you plan to travel to rural areas, national parks, or during the rainy season.
Driving Challenges:
Traffic in cities like Dar es Salaam can be congested, and reckless driving is common. Night driving is generally discouraged due to poor road lighting and the risk of encountering pedestrians or animals on the road.
Road safety: Tanzania has a high rate of road accidents, so defensive driving is essential.
Conclusion:
Public transportation in Tanzania is available but can be unreliable and unsafe, especially in rural areas. Buses and daladalas are common but often overcrowded. Taxis, ride-hailing services, and ferries offer safer and more comfortable travel options in urban areas. If you plan to drive, ensure you have the appropriate license, and be prepared for varied road conditions, especially in remote areas where a 4x4 vehicle may be necessary.
Our closest office
For any enquiries about our security services in Zambia, please contact our London office and our team will assist you.
Intelligent Protection International
330 High Holborn
WC1V 7QT
London
United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 207 4566740
Email: [email protected]
Disclaimer
You are responsible for your own safety abroad and for making the decision to travel. The information contained in this Travel Advice for Zambia is provided for information only.
Whilst care is taken to ensure that this country brief is as up-to-date and accurate as possible, it is provided on an “as is” basis without any representation or endorsement made and without warranty of any kind, express or implied. Intelligent Protection International Limited does not assume responsibility and shall not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.