To visit Egypt, the type of visa you require depends on your nationality and the purpose of your visit. Here are the most common options:

Visa-Free Entry: Citizens of certain countries, including UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait, do not need a visa for short stays (usually up to 90 days).

E-Visa:
Many nationalities, including those from the United States, Canada, Australia, and most EU countries, can apply for an e-Visa online. It is available for both single-entry and multiple-entry stays of up to 30 days. The application process is done through Egypt's official e-Visa portal, which generally processes applications within a few days.

Visa on Arrival:
Travelers from certain countries, such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, can obtain a visa on arrival at Egyptian airports. This visa is valid for 30 days and typically costs $25 USD for a single-entry visa. It’s advisable to carry the exact amount in cash (USD).

Embassy Visa:
Some travelers who are not eligible for an e-Visa or visa on arrival will need to apply for a visa through their local Egyptian consulate or embassy. The process typically involves providing documents such as a completed visa application, passport photos, and proof of travel arrangements.

Additional Requirements:
Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
Travelers are sometimes required to provide proof of onward or return travel, as well as sufficient funds for their stay.

Long-Term and Special Visas:
If you plan to stay in Egypt for longer than 30 days, or for reasons like work, study, or research, you’ll need to apply for a long-term visa or permit through the Egyptian embassy before your trip.

For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it's always best to consult the official Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website or visit the nearest Egyptian consulate.

Egypt has faced several terrorist attacks in recent years, primarily in the North Sinai Peninsula, where militant groups like ISIS-affiliated Wilayat Sinai are active.

These groups target security forces, government infrastructure, and occasionally civilians. One of the deadliest attacks occurred in November 2017, when gunmen attacked the Al-Rawda Mosque in North Sinai, killing over 300 worshippers. In August 2021, militants targeted a military checkpoint in North Sinai, resulting in several casualties. Urban areas like Cairo have also seen attacks, such as the 2019 bombing near the Cairo Institute for Oncology, which killed at least 20 people.

While attacks in major cities and tourist areas have decreased due to heightened security measures, the North Sinai region remains a hotbed of militant activity. The Egyptian government has significantly increased its military presence in these areas to combat terrorism, and travel to North Sinai is strongly discouraged.

Tourist Areas and Security:
Egypt’s tourist regions, including Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, and Sharm El-Sheikh, have witnessed fewer attacks in recent years, largely due to enhanced security measures, such as increased police presence and strict checkpoints around key sites. However, Egypt’s tourism sector was heavily affected in the past by attacks targeting tourists, such as the 2015 bombing of a Russian plane that departed from Sharm El-Sheikh, killing all 224 passengers on board. This incident led to heightened international concern and a temporary ban on flights to certain Egyptian locations, though this ban has since been lifted.

Government Response:
The Egyptian government has implemented extensive counter-terrorism efforts, particularly in North Sinai, where the military is actively engaged in operations against militant groups. The government works closely with international allies, including the United States and Israel, to combat the threat of terrorism. The focus has been on disrupting terrorist networks, protecting critical infrastructure, and securing tourist areas.

Before visiting Egypt, it's essential to ensure you're up to date on several vaccinations and immunizations to protect against potential health risks. Here are the recommended vaccines:

Routine Vaccinations: Make sure you're up to date on standard vaccines, including:
- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
- Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP)
- Polio
- Influenza

Hepatitis A: This is recommended for all travelers, as you can contract Hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Egypt.

Hepatitis B: If you plan to have close contact with local residents or engage in activities that may expose you to bodily fluids, such as healthcare work, this vaccine is recommended.

Typhoid: Particularly advised if you're traveling to rural areas or eating outside of major tourist hubs where food hygiene may be less regulated.

Rabies: While not common in urban centers, rabies vaccination is recommended if you plan to engage in outdoor activities, such as hiking or camping, or if you expect to be in close contact with animals.

It's always advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or travel clinic at least 4–6 weeks before your trip to Egypt, to ensure you're fully protected based on your specific health history and travel itinerary.

Public transportation in Sharm El Sheikh is limited but there are a few options for getting around the city:

Taxis:
Taxis are the most common form of public transportation in Sharm El Sheikh. They are available throughout the city and can be flagged down on the street or booked through hotels. However, taxis do not typically use meters, so it is important to negotiate the fare upfront to avoid overpaying.

Hotels can also arrange taxis with more transparent pricing.

Minibuses (Microbuses):
Minibuses serve as a local bus system and are the cheapest mode of transportation in Sharm El Sheikh. They operate on fixed routes, connecting different parts of the city, such as Naama Bay, the Old Market, and Hadaba. These minibuses do not have set schedules, and passengers can flag them down anywhere along their route. Fares are low, but the experience is more basic, and the minibuses can get crowded. It’s recommended to carry small change for these trips.

Hotel Shuttles:
Many hotels and resorts offer shuttle services to key areas like Naama Bay, the Old Market, and other attractions. These shuttles are typically complimentary or available for a small fee, making them a convenient option for tourists staying in resorts away from the city center.

Ride-Hailing Services:
While international ride-hailing services like Uber or Lyft do not operate in Sharm El Sheikh, local alternatives such as Careem are available. These services offer a more reliable and transparent pricing model compared to regular taxis. You can book through their app, which allows you to see the estimated fare and pay through the app or in cash.

Bicycles and Scooters:
Biking is possible in certain areas, especially near resorts and along the coastal paths. However, road conditions and traffic in some parts of the city may not be ideal for cycling. Some rental services also offer scooters for getting around more easily within the resort areas.

While Sharm El Sheikh does not have a comprehensive public transportation network, taxis, minibuses, and hotel shuttles make it relatively easy to navigate between key areas and attractions. For more comfort and reliability, ride-hailing apps like Careem are becoming increasingly popular

Driving in Egypt:
Driving around Sharm El Sheikh can be a convenient way to explore the area, but there are several factors to keep in mind:

Road Conditions and Traffic:
Well-maintained roads: The main roads in Sharm El Sheikh, especially those connecting the airport to resort areas and major attractions, are generally well-maintained and easy to navigate.

Traffic: Traffic in Sharm El Sheikh is relatively light compared to larger Egyptian cities, making driving more manageable. However, the roads can become busy in peak tourist seasons.

Safety and Security:
Police Checkpoints: There are frequent police roadblocks on major highways in and out of Sharm El Sheikh as part of Egypt's security measures. These checkpoints may involve vehicle searches and ID checks.

Driving style Driving in Egypt can be more aggressive than in some other countries, with local drivers often not adhering strictly to traffic rules. Be cautious, especially in roundabouts and intersections, as right-of-way practices can be unpredictable.

Car Rentals:
Numerous car rental companies, both local and international, are available in Sharm El Sheikh, particularly near the airport and in major resorts.

Requirements: Most rental agencies require drivers to be at least 21 years old with a valid international driving permit. It’s also advisable to ensure your insurance covers Egypt if you're renting a car.

Rules and Considerations:
Driving on the right: Like most of the world, driving in Egypt is on the right-hand side of the road.
Seatbelts and speed limits: Wearing seatbelts is mandatory, and speed limits are generally posted but not always strictly enforced by other drivers. The typical speed limits are 50 km/h in urban areas and 90-100 km/h on highways.

Fuel availability: Gas stations are easily accessible in and around Sharm El Sheikh.

Alternatives:
If you're not comfortable driving, taxis and private car services are widely available, and many hotels offer shuttle services to popular spots like Naama Bay, the Old Market, and the airport.

Overall, driving around Sharm El Sheikh can provide flexibility, but be prepared for local driving habits and frequent security checkpoints.